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Your Downswing Duration

250 ms

In a quarter of a second, your body executes one of the most complex athletic movements in sports.

Cameras get 7 frames. We get 416 IMU samples and 250 EMG readings. Let's break it down.

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The 250ms Breakdown

What happens in each phase

0–50ms Transition

Weight shift initiates. Pelvis begins rotation.

83 IMU samples
50 EMG readings
1.5 camera frames
50–120ms Acceleration

Core engages, shoulders pull. Peak pelvis speed (477°/s) reached and begins deceleration.

117 IMU samples
70 EMG readings
2.1 camera frames
120–200ms Energy Transfer

Arms accelerate as shoulders decelerate. Wrist cock maintained. The "lag" window.

133 IMU samples
80 EMG readings
2.4 camera frames
200–250ms Impact

Wrist release. Club head reaches peak velocity (2500°/s). Ball contact at 250ms.

83 IMU samples
50 EMG readings
1.5 camera frames

8 Data Sources

Where the data comes from

4× IMU — 1,666 Hz each
L4

Lumbar

Pelvis Rotation

Above belt line · Chain origin

416/swing
T1

Thoracic

Torso Rotation

Below C7 · Shoulder-hip separation

416/swing
FA

Forearm

Arm Speed

Dorsal mid-forearm · Lag window

416/swing
HD

Hand

Terminal Speed

3rd metacarpal · Club release

416/swing
4× EMG — 1,000 Hz each
VL

Quad

Ground Push

L. leg, lateral thigh · 30-35%

250/swing
GM

Glute

Hip Rotation

Left, upper outer · 25-30%

250/swing
EO

Oblique

Core Rotation

Left, below ribs · 20-25%

250/swing
LD

Lat

Arm Pull

Right, below scapula · 15-20%

250/swing
Total data per 250ms downswing: 4×416 + 4×250 = 2,664 samples

The Data Gap

What different tools capture
in those 250 milliseconds

Camera (30fps) 7 frames
|||||||
Our IMUs (1666Hz) 416 samples
Our EMG (1000Hz) 250 readings
Combined Resolution 666+ data points

That's 95× more data than a camera alone — in the same 250ms window.

What We Find

Patterns invisible to the naked eye

30-50ms

Peak-to-Peak Gap

The timing window between each segment's peak velocity. Pro gap: 30ms. Amateur: 50ms+. A camera can't see the difference.

40%→85%

Muscle Activation Range

Your forearm flexors might fire at 40% when they should be at 85%. EMG shows the deficit. Training corrects it.

±15ms

Sequence Overlap

When two segments accelerate simultaneously instead of sequentially. Energy leaks out of the chain.

Hole 14→18

Fatigue Drift

EMG shows muscle activation dropping 20% in late rounds. Your technique "fails" because your muscles give out — not your brain.

666+

data points per swing.

One AI brain to make sense of it all.

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